Finance calculators

Three numbers people keep confusing, in one calculation

Works out price, profit, markup, margin and VAT from any one of them. Enter your cost and one known value to get the full picture for a unit.

How much you must sell just to reach zero

Calculates the break-even point in units and revenue, contribution margin, safety margin and profit at your planned volume. The first calculation before launching anything.

Whether an investment paid off, and by how much

Calculates return on investment (ROI) from the amount invested and the final value, plus an annualized return if the investment didn't last exactly a year. Works for equipment purchases, an ad campaign, or any investment with a known outcome.

What an amount grows into at a given rate and compounding frequency

Calculates the final amount and interest earned using the compound interest formula, accounting for how often it compounds — yearly, quarterly, monthly or daily. At the same rate, the compounding frequency isn't a rounding error over a long horizon.

How much revenue is left after direct cost of goods

Calculates gross profit and gross margin from revenue and cost of goods sold (COGS) — the direct costs of production or purchasing, excluding a business's overhead.

How much profit each dollar of equity produces

Calculates return on equity (ROE) from net income and shareholders' equity — how efficiently a business uses the owners' or shareholders' money.

Whether current assets can cover short-term debt

Calculates the current ratio — current assets divided by current liabilities — and net working capital in cash terms.

The steady annual growth rate that gets you there

Calculates CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) from a beginning and ending value over a period — revenue, an asset's value, customer count, or any other measurable figure.

Whether a project is worth the money once time is priced in

Calculates a project's net present value (NPV) from the initial investment, yearly cash flows and a discount rate — the return you could have earned investing the money elsewhere.

How much is left after direct and operating costs

Calculates operating profit and operating margin from revenue, cost of goods sold and operating expenses — before interest and taxes.

What's left of revenue after absolutely everything

Calculates net margin — the share of net profit in revenue, after all expenses, loan interest and taxes.

Whether liquid assets cover short-term debt, inventory aside

Calculates the quick ratio (acid-test) — current assets minus inventory, divided by current liabilities.

Whether operating income covers debt payments

Calculates the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) — net operating income divided by the debt payments due for the period.

The equal monthly loan payment and how it pays the balance down

Calculates the equal monthly (annuity) loan payment, total interest paid, and how the outstanding balance declines over the term.

A company's blended cost of money — its own and borrowed

Calculates the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) from the value of equity and debt, their share of financing, and the income tax rate.

How hard profit reacts to a change in sales

Calculates the Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) — how much a change in sales revenue is amplified into a change in operating profit because of fixed costs.

Profit before interest, taxes and depreciation

Calculates EBITDA — earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization — from net profit and the items added back to it.

How much profit each dollar of assets produces

Calculates return on assets (ROA) from net income and total assets — how efficiently a business uses everything it owns, regardless of financing.

How much borrowed money there is per dollar of equity

Calculates the Debt/Equity ratio — total debt divided by shareholders' equity, a gauge of a business's debt load.

How many days cash stays tied up before it comes back

Calculates the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) — how many days pass from spending cash on inventory to collecting it from customers, net of supplier payment terms.

What's really left after maintaining and growing the business

Calculates free cash flow (FCF) — operating cash flow minus capital expenditures.

The revenue threshold for a mix of products with different margins

Calculates the break-even point in revenue for several products with different prices, costs and sales mix — using the mix's weighted contribution margin.

How a sum of money loses value over time

Calculates what today's sum of money will be worth in real terms after a number of years at a given annual inflation rate, and the cumulative inflation over the period.

The return rate at which a project's NPV hits zero

Calculates a project's IRR (Internal Rate of Return) from the initial investment and yearly cash flows — the rate at which NPV equals zero.

Monthly recurring revenue from subscriptions and how it moves

Calculates ending MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue) and Net New MRR from starting MRR, new subscriptions, expansion and churn.

How many months of cash are left at the current spend rate

Calculates runway — how many months a business's cash balance will last at the current burn rate.

Profit before interest and taxes

Calculates EBIT — earnings before interest and taxes — from net profit and the items added back to it.

The share of revenue left before interest and taxes

Calculates EBIT Margin — the share of EBIT in revenue — from revenue, net profit, loan interest and income tax.

How much money is left after direct cost of goods

Calculates gross profit in money terms — revenue minus the cost of goods sold.

What's left after absolutely every expense

Calculates net profit in money — revenue minus all of a business's expenses.

How far sales can fall before losses begin

Calculates the margin of safety — how much current or planned sales exceed the break-even point.

How many days customers typically take to pay

Calculates DSO (Days Sales Outstanding) — the average number of days from a sale to receiving payment from a customer.

How many days a business typically has to pay suppliers

Calculates DPO (Days Payables Outstanding) — the average number of days from a purchase to paying the supplier.

How many days inventory typically sits before it sells

Calculates DIO (Days Inventory Outstanding) — the average number of days inventory spends in stock before it's sold.

How much of a business's own cash is tied up in inventory and receivables

Calculates the net working capital tied up in the operating cycle — inventory plus accounts receivable minus accounts payable.

A loan payment that shrinks over time

Calculates a differentiated (declining-balance) loan payment — constant principal, shrinking interest — the first and last payment, and total interest.

What a sum grows into at a given rate of return

Calculates the future value of money — what a sum grows into at a given annual return over a number of years.

How much to invest today to reach a future sum

Calculates the present value of money — how much to invest today at a given return to reach a target sum after a number of years.

What makes up the cost of producing one unit

Calculates product cost from direct materials, direct labor and overhead per unit.

What price to set to hit a target margin

Calculates the selling price from cost and a desired margin — the reverse of computing margin from price.

Below what price does selling stop making sense

Calculates the minimum selling price that covers variable costs and a fair share of fixed costs at the expected volume.

Whether cash alone covers short-term debt

Calculates the cash ratio — the strictest solvency test, cash and cash equivalents against current liabilities.

How many times over operating profit covers interest

Calculates the Interest Coverage Ratio — EBIT divided by interest expense.

How much cash is needed to fund the operating cycle

Calculates the working capital need from annual cost of goods sold and the cash conversion cycle.

Interest with no compounding on interest already earned

Calculates simple interest — a return computed only on the original principal, without interest accruing on interest already earned.

Expected return on a stock adjusted for its risk

Calculates the expected return under CAPM — from the risk-free rate, an asset's beta and the expected market return.

How many times a year receivables get renewed

Calculates accounts receivable turnover — how many times a year revenue cycles through receivables.

EBITDA profitability — the share of EBITDA in revenue

Calculates EBITDA Margin — the ratio of EBITDA to revenue — from net profit, interest, taxes, depreciation and revenue.

Profit from core operations — before interest and taxes

Calculates operating profit — revenue minus cost of goods sold and operating expenses, before interest and taxes.

Return on invested capital

Calculates ROIC (Return on Invested Capital) from EBIT, tax rate and the amount of invested capital.

Return on sales

Calculates ROS (Return on Sales) from net profit and revenue.

How much interest amplifies profit swings

Calculates the degree of financial leverage (DFL) — how much a change in operating profit gets amplified in the change of profit after interest.

How much operating and interest costs together amplify profit swings

Calculates the degree of total leverage (DTL) — the product of operating and financial leverage — from price, variable and fixed costs, sales volume and loan interest.

Debt load measured in years of EBITDA

Calculates Debt/EBITDA — total debt over EBITDA — a measure of how many years of operating profit it would take to pay off all debt.

How a per-unit price change affects profit

Calculates profit before and after a per-unit price change, and the difference between them, from price, variable cost, sales volume and fixed costs.

How a change in sales volume affects profit

Calculates profit before and after a sales volume change, and the difference between them, from price, variable cost, volume and fixed costs.

How a change in variable cost affects profit

Calculates profit before and after a change in variable cost per unit, and the difference between them, from price, variable cost, sales volume and fixed costs.

How many times a year the company 'turns over' its supplier debt

Calculates accounts payable turnover — how many times per period the company pays off and re-accumulates debt to suppliers — from cost of goods sold and payables.

How many years it takes a simple cash flow to return the investment

Calculates the simple (non-discounted) investment payback period — how many years it takes an annual cash flow to return the amount invested.

Gordon Growth Model: dividend yield plus its growth

Calculates the cost of equity using the Dividend Discount Model (Gordon Growth Model) from the expected dividend, share price and dividend growth rate.

How much more sensitive a stock is than the market

Calculates a stock's beta coefficient from historical stock and market returns over several periods — covariance over market variance.

The share of debt and equity in total financing

Calculates the capital structure — the share of debt and equity in total financing — from the amount of debt and equity.

Even write-off of an asset's value year by year

Calculates straight-line (even) depreciation of an asset — the annual and monthly write-off amount — from its original cost, salvage value and useful life.

Declining balance method: more write-off early in the term

Calculates accelerated depreciation using the declining balance method — the depreciation amount and book value for a chosen year.

A car's market value after a few years of ownership

Calculates what a vehicle will be worth after a number of years of ownership at a given annual rate of value decline, and how much value it loses.

How much on top of the principal you'll pay the bank

Calculates the overpayment on an annuity loan — interest paid on top of the principal — from the loan amount, rate and term.

Annuity vs differentiated: which one costs less overall

Compares the total overpayment on an annuity versus a differentiated payment schedule for the same loan amount, rate and term.

The real annual rate once compounding is taken into account

Calculates the effective (real) annual loan rate accounting for compounding frequency, from the nominal rate and the number of compounding periods per year.

What rate is hidden behind a known monthly payment

Recovers a loan's interest rate from the loan amount, term and known monthly annuity payment.

How many months it takes to repay the loan at that payment

Calculates the loan term from the amount, rate and desired monthly annuity payment.

How much you can comfortably pay on a loan per month

Calculates the maximum comfortable monthly loan payment from income, an acceptable debt load, and existing obligations.

How much you can borrow at a given payment

Calculates the maximum loan amount available at a given monthly payment, rate and term.

What an asset is worth at any point in its useful life

Calculates an asset's residual (book) value at any point in its useful life under straight-line depreciation.

How many years to spread an asset's depreciation over

Calculates an asset's useful life under straight-line depreciation from the original cost, salvage value and annual depreciation amount.

How many years it takes to recoup an investment once money's time value is priced in

Calculates the discounted payback period — how many years of discounted cash flow it takes to cover an investment — from the investment amount, annual cash flow and discount rate.

The present value of a series of future receipts

Calculates the present value of a series of future cash flows by year at a given discount rate.

Turning a return over any period into an annual figure

Calculates the effective (annualized) return on an investment over an arbitrary holding period in months, from the starting and ending value.

Simple interest income on a deposit without capitalization

Calculates simple (non-capitalized) interest income on a deposit over a given number of days, from the deposit amount, annual rate and term.

How much builds up with regular top-ups to a deposit

Calculates the future balance of a deposit with monthly top-ups, from the initial deposit, contribution amount, rate and term.

How many months a deposit lasts with regular withdrawals

Calculates how many months a deposit lasts under regular monthly withdrawals of a set amount, from the balance, withdrawal size and rate.

Annual recurring revenue from monthly recurring revenue

Calculates ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue) — a subscription business's annual recurring revenue — from MRR.

How much cash a company burns per month

Calculates Burn Rate — a company's average monthly cash spend — from the cash balance at the start and end of a period.

How much MRR it takes to break even

Calculates a subscription business's break-even point in MRR, from fixed costs and gross margin.

How much revenue it takes to hit a profit target

Calculates the revenue needed to reach a target profit, from fixed costs, target profit and the contribution margin ratio.

How many units it takes to hit a profit target

Calculates the sales volume in units needed to reach a target profit, from fixed costs, target profit, price and variable cost per unit.

By how many percent revenue needs to grow to hit a target

Calculates by how many percent and by how much money revenue needs to grow to go from a current value to a target.

How the cash balance changes month by month

Calculates the cash balance at the end of each month from a starting balance and monthly inflows/outflows.

How much money it takes to fund the operating cycle gap

Calculates the cash gap amount — how much money is needed to finance the operating cycle — from the cash conversion cycle and annual cost of goods sold.

What it costs to fund the money tied up in the cycle

Calculates the opportunity cost (or financing cost) of the amount tied up in a cash gap, from the rate and number of days.

Projecting the cash balance forward along a trend

Forecasts the cash balance several months ahead from the current balance, the last net cash flow, and its rate of change.

How much you can borrow at a target Debt/EBITDA

Calculates the maximum loan amount at a target debt-to-EBITDA ratio, from EBITDA and the chosen multiple.

What share of revenue debt payments eat up

Calculates a business's debt load — the share of revenue spent on servicing debt — from annual debt payments and revenue.

How a lump-sum extra payment changes the term or the payment

Calculates the new term or new monthly payment after a partial early loan repayment, from the balance at the time of repayment and the chosen recalculation mode.

How much money a lump-sum extra payment saves

Calculates the interest savings from an early loan repayment under the term-shortening scheme, from the balance at the time of repayment and the repayment amount.

Is it worth refinancing your loan at a new rate

Compares the remaining payments on a current loan against payments on a new loan for the same balance, accounting for a refinancing fee.

How overpayment changes when the term is stretched or shortened

Compares loan overpayment at two different terms for the same amount and rate.

How many times borrowed money multiplies your buying power

Calculates debt leverage — how many times the total deal size exceeds the equity you put into it.

What it costs to go negative on a business account

Calculates the cost of using an overdraft, from the amount used beyond the balance, the rate and the number of days.

Monthly lease payment accounting for a residual value

Calculates the monthly lease payment from the asset cost, down payment, residual value at the end of the term, rate and lease term.

How much more than the asset's cost you'll pay for the lease

Calculates the leasing overpayment — the amount above the asset's cost — from the down payment, payments and buyout value.

The real price of equipment including everything it costs to own

Calculates total cost of ownership (TCO) — purchase price plus all upkeep costs over the service life, minus resale value.

What it costs to get invoice money right away

Calculates factoring cost — the fee for getting invoice money early — from the invoice amount and the fee rate.

Which is cheaper — factoring or a short-term loan

Compares the cost of factoring (fee) against the cost of a short-term loan for the same amount and period.

How much the bank keeps from card payments

Calculates the card acquiring fee from card payment turnover and the bank's fee rate.

How much a bank keeps on a foreign currency transfer

Calculates the currency transfer fee — a percentage of the amount plus a fixed charge — and the amount that reaches the recipient.

The real annual return once compounding is accounted for

Calculates the effective (real) annual return on a deposit accounting for the compounding frequency.

What a business loses by letting cash sit idle

Calculates the potential return from placing a company's idle cash for a short period, from the amount, rate and number of days.

What an investment really earned, adjusted for inflation

Calculates real investment return using the Fisher equation, from nominal return and inflation over the same period.

What future money is worth in today's purchasing power

Calculates the real (deflated) value of a future amount of money accounting for inflation, from the nominal amount, inflation rate and term.

The weighted return of several assets combined

Calculates the weighted return of an investment portfolio from each asset's weight and return.

What to buy and sell to get back to target weights

Calculates how much to buy or sell of each asset to bring a portfolio back to its target weights.

How much to set aside each month to hit a savings target

Calculates the monthly contribution needed to reach a financial goal, from the target amount, starting capital, rate and term.

How far actuals strayed from the plan

Calculates the variance of actuals from budget in money and as a percentage.

Profit under a pessimistic, base and optimistic scenario side by side

Calculates profit under several scenarios (pessimistic, base, optimistic and others) with different price, cost and sales volume in each.

By how many percent profit changes for a 1% price change

Calculates profit elasticity to price — by how many percent profit changes for a 1% price change — from price, variable cost, volume and fixed costs.

By how many percent profit changes for a 1% volume change

Calculates profit elasticity to sales volume from price, variable cost, volume and fixed costs.

By how many percent profit changes for a 1% cost change

Calculates profit elasticity to variable cost from price, variable cost, volume and fixed costs.

Comparing total payments at the same rate

Compares total payments for an asset under a lease with a buyout versus a loan for the same amount and rate.

The real markup on a lease once compounding is accounted for

Calculates the effective annual leasing rate accounting for compounding frequency, from the nominal rate and frequency.

How much to pay upfront and how much stays financed

Calculates a leasing down payment and the remaining financed amount, from the asset cost and down payment percentage.

How much deducting lease payments saves on tax

Calculates tax savings from expensing lease payments, from the annual payment amount and income tax rate.

The factoring fee annualized

Calculates the effective annual factoring rate from the fee for the deferral period and the number of days until payment.

A fee charged at a periodic rate for the actual time elapsed

Calculates a factoring fee under a periodic (e.g. monthly) rate, from the invoice amount, per-period rate, and actual number of days.

How much cash you get right away vs. after the buyer pays

Calculates the advance amount under receivables factoring and the remainder that arrives after the buyer pays.

What passing up an early-payment discount really costs

Calculates the early payment discount amount and the effective annual rate of the cost of not taking it, from trade credit terms of the form 'discount/discount period, full term'.

What a bank guarantee costs for the deal's term

Calculates the cost of a bank guarantee from the guarantee amount, rate and term.

What it costs to open a letter of credit for a deal's term

Calculates the cost of a letter of credit from the amount, bank fee, and term.

What a bank charges for a cash withdrawal, minimum fee included

Calculates the fee for a cash withdrawal from a business account, as a percentage of the amount subject to a minimum fee.

How much limit a bank might approve from business turnover

Calculates an approximate business credit limit from average monthly revenue and the bank's multiplier.

What's cheaper short-term — overdraft or a loan

Compares overdraft cost against an ordinary loan for the same short period of using the money.

What 'interest-free' installments really cost

Calculates the overpayment and effective annual rate of an installment plan from the cash price and the total of all installment payments.

How much to pay at the end of a lease to buy out the asset

Calculates the residual (buyout) value under a lease, from the asset cost and the residual value percentage.

What getting paid earlier by a buyer is worth

Calculates the benefit of collecting receivables sooner, from the amount, cost of capital, and days accelerated.

What it costs a company to give a buyer extra time to pay

Calculates the cost of a payment deferral granted to a buyer, from the amount, cost of capital, and extra days of deferral.

How much guarantee limit a bank might approve against collateral

Calculates an approximate bank guarantee limit from the collateral value and the bank's loan-to-value ratio.

The full annual cost of servicing an account

Calculates the annual cost of business account servicing, from the monthly service fee and per-transaction fee.

The real acquiring rate once a fixed fee is factored in

Calculates the effective acquiring rate accounting for a fixed monthly service fee, from the percentage rate, fixed fee, and turnover.

Acquiring fee plus a payment gateway charge per transaction

Calculates the full cost of online acquiring — a fee on turnover plus a fixed payment gateway charge per transaction.

What it costs to have cash revenue picked up and delivered to the bank

Calculates the cost of cash collection service — a percentage of the amount plus a fixed fee per pickup visit.

The hidden cost of a bank's rate versus the market rate

Calculates the hidden cost of currency conversion — the difference between the amount at the bank's rate and at the market rate.

The VAT amount and the final price including tax

Calculates VAT and the total tax-inclusive amount from a tax-exclusive amount and the VAT rate.

How much tax is hidden in a price that already includes VAT

Extracts the VAT amount and the tax-exclusive amount from a total that already includes VAT.

What share of revenue goes to taxes

Calculates tax burden — the share of taxes paid relative to a company's revenue.

How much to pay on taxable profit

Calculates corporate income tax and profit after tax, from taxable profit and the tax rate.

How much is withheld when paying out dividends

Calculates dividend tax and the net payout, from the dividend amount and the tax rate.

How much deducting an expense saves on tax

Calculates the tax savings from expensing a cost that reduces taxable profit.

A fixed base plus a percentage on income above a threshold

Calculates a sole proprietor's self-insurance contributions — fixed amounts plus a percentage of income above a set threshold.

Straight-line depreciation including installation cost

Calculates annual equipment depreciation with the straight-line method, including delivery and installation cost in the depreciable base.

Total depreciation across every fixed asset at once

Calculates annual straight-line depreciation for each fixed asset and the total across the whole list.

Average annual return over the whole project life

Calculates the average annual return of an investment project using the accounting rate of return method, from the investment, total profit, and term.

What it costs just to raise the money

Calculates the cost of raising capital — legal, underwriting and placement expenses — and the net amount a company actually receives.

Where spare cash does more good

Compares the income from placing spare cash in a deposit against the approximate savings from using the same amount to prepay a loan early.

Monthly payment and total overpayment

Calculates the monthly annuity payment, total amount paid, and overpayment on a business loan from the amount, rate and term.

Simplified-scheme tax with the insurance contributions deduction

Calculates the simplified-tax ("Income") liability from revenue, reduced by paid insurance contributions — with the 50% cap for employers.

Simplified-scheme tax with the minimum-tax check

Calculates simplified-tax ("Income minus expenses") liability from the tax base, checked against the 1%-of-revenue minimum tax that's due even at a loss.

Cost of a patent for the chosen term

Calculates the cost of a patent-based tax (PSN) from the potential annual income for your line of business and the patent term.

Which is cheaper for your business this period

Compares simplified "Income" tax (net of insurance contributions) against the cost of a patent for the same period — and shows which is cheaper.

Late-payment penalty on a tax debt

Calculates the late-payment penalty on an unpaid tax using Russia's statutory formula: a fraction of the central bank's key rate per day overdue.

How much it costs to open a business

Adds up the state fee, notary services, legal support and other expenses of registering a sole proprietorship or company into one total.

Total return on invested capital over the whole life

Calculates the total ROI of an investment project — total profit over the project's life divided by the initial investment, not averaged by year.

Portfolio value and each asset's share

Adds up the value of every asset in a portfolio into a total and shows each asset's share — handy for checking diversification.

Future value of an investment with monthly top-ups

Calculates the future value of an investment given a starting amount and regular monthly contributions, compounded over time.

Will the capital survive regular withdrawals

Calculates the balance left after regular monthly withdrawals from an invested amount, accounting for the return earned on what remains.

Final amount with periodic interest capitalization

Calculates the final amount of a compound-interest deposit at a chosen capitalization frequency — monthly, quarterly, or yearly.

Deposit income net of income tax

Calculates the interest income on a business deposit and what's left after income tax on that interest.

Planned profit through a simplified P&L waterfall

Calculates planned gross, operating and net profit from revenue, cost of goods, operating expenses and tax — a simplified income-statement structure.

A quick estimate of profit from revenue and costs

Calculates planned profit and margin from expected revenue and total costs — a quick calculation without a breakdown by line item.

Next period's revenue from a growth rate

Calculates planned revenue for the next period from last period's revenue and an expected growth rate.

How many months it takes to reach a target amount

Calculates how many months it takes to reach a target amount given a starting capital, monthly contribution, and expected return.

How many months to save up, with no interest

Calculates how many months it takes to save up a target amount with fixed monthly contributions, ignoring any investment return.

A project estimate with a contingency reserve

Adds up a project's labor, materials and overhead costs and layers on a contingency reserve — giving the total budget.

Spending pace and a projection to period end

Calculates the percentage of an annual budget executed so far, the expected spend on schedule, and a projection of total spend at the current pace.

How much to set aside for a downturn

Calculates the target size of a business's reserve (rainy-day) fund from monthly expenses and a desired coverage period, and shows the shortfall to that target.